Cooling towers or water cooling towers are based on the principle of evaporative cooling, which has been used in industry for more than 100 years. Evaporative cooling is a natural process that uses water as a coolant and is used to transfer the excess heat from various thermal processes and machines to the atmosphere.
Broadly speaking, evaporative cooling equipment, such as cooling towers, incorporates: a heat and mass exchange surface wetted by a water distribution device, a ventilation system (natural or forced) to promote and, if necessary, force ambient air through the heat and mass exchange padding, and various auxiliary components such as a water collection basin, recirculation pump, droplet separators and control instruments.